Belligerent · 3 battles
German Empire
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World War I · 1915
Gallipoli 1915: Monumental Failure with Lasting Repercussions
Churchill's gambit to force the Dardanelles failed at every level — naval, amphibious, operational, and strategic. The wreckage redrew the Middle East and a Turkish colonel became a nation.
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World War I · 1917
Price of a Mile: The Battle of Passchendaele, 1917
Haig's Third Ypres offensive captured five miles of Flemish mud and ridge at the cost of 685,000 casualties. A reckoning with leadership, ego, and the futility of frontal attack.
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World War I · 1918
Examining the 'Lost Battalion': Who Was to Blame?
On Hill 198 in the Argonne, Major Charles Whittlesey's 308th held its ground for five days surrounded, gassed, and shelled by its own guns. A reckoning with the leaders who put them there.